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… in the outset of the project, it may be difficult for a party to identify all of its relevant background rights – … with IP of others that is held (used, not owned) by a party. In this context, developing an effective intellectual … to ensure free- dom from infringement and relevant third party agree- ments (Gogoris et al. 2001). While the proposed …

… or traceability issues. No mandatory independent third-party verification, certification or surveillance are … certification schemes are developed and applied: • First-party certification schemes are those in which an individual … as most consumers do not trust self-declaration. • Second-party certification schemes are those in which industry …